EFL College Students’ Attitudes towards Mobile Learning
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recently, cell phones have received much attention in the context of EFL/ESL learning. Mobile learning, in general, and distant learning, in particular, in educational contexts has been approached by educationalist all over the world (Hwang & Chang, 2011). Presently, countries pay ample attention to mobile learning in education. Despite the fact that devices such as cell phones might divert students’ attention, yet, no one can deny their importance as high-tech educational tools. This study investigates EFL college students’ attitudes towards cell phones learning. For the sake of satisfying the study’s objectives, a questionnaire has been designed and randomly distributed to 300 female undergraduate students enrolled during the First Academic Term (2014/2015). The questionnaire is consisted of 3 sections and 39 items. Section 1, students’ attitudes towards the usefulness of mobile learning (26 items), section 2, investigation of students’ opinions towards reasons where and why they and their instructors use cell phones (12 items), and section 3, an open-ended question, asking students if they have any comments on the importance of cell phones (1 item). The questionnaire consisted 5-Point Likert type scale. Data were quantitatively analysed using SPSS, and ANOVA tests. Percentages, means, and standard deviations, were used for the sake of the analysis. The open-ended question was analysed qualitatively.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it