Hercules X-1’s light-curve dips as seen by the RXTE/PCA: a study of the entire 1996 February-2005 August light curve
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hercules X-1 (Her X-1) light-curve dips are analysed using the entire set of Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer/Proportional Counter Array observations archived over nine years. 370 new dips are found in 35 different 35-d cycles. This is the largest record of Her X-1 dips acquired as a result of a single study and by the same satellite, and includes 20 post-eclipse recovery dips, over 100 short-high-state dips, 10 possible low-state dips, and 162 subdips, which have never been documented before. The dips were identified by X-ray energy softness ratio (SR) change. The dips’ intensity, based on SR change and derived NH, varies strongly with orbital phase. Dip duration covers a broad range: 32s–15h. The main-high-state and pre-eclipse dips are the most numerous and have the longest lengths and ingresses. There is some evidence that ingress and egress become progressively faster as the orbital cycle unfolds. Symmetry is investigated here for the first time: most dips are highly asymmetric. Duration and symmetry depend on orbital and 35-d phase. The 35-d-phase versus orbital-phase distribution is significantly different than previously reported.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".