L'evolution des obstacles aux echanges et les entreprises canadiennes : survie et disparition apres l'Accord de libre-echange entre le Canada et les Etats-Unis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ce document permet d'examiner les consequences de l'evolution des obstacles aux echanges sur la survie des entreprises manufacturieres au Canada. Nous avons elabore un modele de Cournot a marches segmentes pour decrire les effets de la liberalisation des echanges sur des entreprises heterogenes exploitees dans diverses branches d'activite. Nous testons les previsions de ce modele empiriquement a l'aide de donnees au niveau de l'entreprise, pour des societes tant publiques que privees, et de taux tarifaires, pour le Canada et les Etats-Unis. Selon notre etude, la baisse des tarifs canadiens a reduit la probabilite de survie des entreprises canadiennes, tandis que la diminution des tarifs americains a augmente la probabilite. Si l'on combine ces deux effets, dans les deux tiers des industries du secteur canadien de la fabrication, les entreprises ont vu augmenter leur probabilite de survie a la suite des reductions tarifaires exigees par l'Accord de libre-echange entre le Canada et les Etats-Unis. Toutefois, la sensibilite des entreprises individuelles aux modifications tarifaires etait attenuee par les caracteristiques de ces entreprises. Plus precisement, la productivite et le niveau d'endettement jouaient un role important dans la determination de la vulnerabilite d'une entreprise a la suite de la liberalisation des echanges.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".