Effect of temperature on primary infection by <i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i> and initiation of clubroot symptoms
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A study was conducted to assess the effect of temperature on infection and development of Plasmodiophora brassicae in root hairs of Shanghai pak choi ( Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis ) and on initiation of clubroot symptoms. Ten‐day‐old seedlings were grown in liquid‐sand culture, inoculated with resting spores and maintained in growth cabinets at 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30°C. Seedlings were harvested at 2‐day intervals, starting 2 days after inoculation (DAI) and continuing until swelling of the tap root was observed (maximum 28 days). Roots were assessed for root hair infection (RHI), stage of development of infection (primary plasmodia, zoosporangia, release of zoospores, secondary plasmodia), symptom development, and for clubroot severity at 24 DAI. Temperature affected every stage of clubroot development; RHI was highest and visual symptoms initiated earliest at 25°C, intermediate at 20 and 30°C, and lowest and latest at 15 and 10°C. Root hair infection was observed at every temperature, but clubroot symptoms developed only above 15°C. A substantial delay in the development of the pathogen was observed at 10 and 15°C. No symptoms were observed at 28 DAI in plants grown at 10°C. Swelling of the tap root was visible at 28 DAI in plants at 15°C, 14 DAI at 20 and 30°C, and 10 DAI at 25°C. These results support and explain the observation in companion studies that cool temperatures result in slower development of clubroot symptoms in brassica crops.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".