Bibliographic record
Abstract
Time balls were part of a few Canadian harbours' skylines from the time the first one was established in Quebec in 1852. This was followed by another in Saint John, New Brunswick, in 1870. However, it was not until 1904 that one was built in Halifax, one of the busiest ports in Canada. William Smith, deputy to the minister of the marine for Canada, indicated in an 1868 memo that his department intended to place a time ball on the Halifax Citadel. However, local interests (principally Robert Cogswell apparently) successfully argued against the need because of Les ballons horaires ont fait partie integrante du paysage des ports canadiens a partir de 1852, lorsqu'on en a installe un premier a Quebec. Un deuxieme a ensuite ete installe a Saint John, au Nouveau-Brunswick, en 1870. Il a cependant fallu attendre a 1904 pour que Halifax, l'un des ports les plus achalandes du Canada, ait le sien. En 1868, William Smith, sous-ministre de la Marine du Canada, indiquait dans une note de service que son ministere avait l'intention d'installer un ballon horaire a la Citadelle d'Halifax. Toutefois, des gens du coin (principalement Robert Cogswell, apparemment)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.023 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.091 | 0.011 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".