The central motor conductivity of genioglossus in obstructive sleep apnoea
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: During wakefulness, the electromyography (EMG) activities of upper airway dilator muscles are higher in OSA syndrome (OSAS) patients than those in normal subjects. This is believed to be related to central compensatory mechanisms. This study aimed to assess the central motor conductivity of genioglossus (GG) during wakefulness and to evaluate the compensatory site in OSAS patients. METHODS: Twelve OSAS patients and 12 normal subjects were recruited to record motor evoked potential (MEP) of GG to transcranial magnetic stimulation applied at dominant-sided anterolateral area and GG response to magnetic stimulation at the third cervical level. Stimuli were delivered at the end of expiration and inspiration respectively. The central motor conduction time (CMCT) was calculated by the latency difference between cortical and cervical stimulations. RESULTS: The MEP latency and CMCT of GG in OSAS patients were shorter than those in normal subjects at the end of expiration (MEP latency: 6.08 ± 2.06 ms and 8.24 ± 2.66 ms, respectively, P < 0.05; CMCT: 2.41 ± 1.20 ms and 3.58 ± 1.53 ms, respectively, P < 0.05). However, only in normal subjects, GG MEP latency and CMCT showed significant decrease from the end of expiration to the end of inspiration. GG CMCT of OSAS patients at the end of expiration was closely correlated with AHI (r = -0.797, P = 0.002), the nadir oxygen saturation (r = 0.76, P = 0.003) and the longest apnoea time (r = -0.68, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: OSAS patients have an increased central motor conductivity of GG than normal subjects. Furthermore, this increased central motor conductivity of GG is related to the severity of OSAS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".