"Sustainable but just on the edge" : assessing the sustainability of the commercial whale-watching industry in the Lower Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The principal contention of this study is that within the sustainability paradigm, there are factors which can be characterized as agents of strength (factors with a reinforcing effect on sustainability) or vulnerability (factors that inhibit sustainability or are indicators of a non-sustainable system). This paper aimed to ascertain the agents of strength and vulnerability within the commercial whale-watching industry in the lower Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick. A research framework was developed based on the literature on the whale-watchng and wildlife-based tourism. The framework was used to assess the management, environmental and economic sustainability dimensions of the whale-watching industry in the aforementioned region based on data gathered from personal interviews with tour operators and self-administered questionnaires from the whale-watching customers. Several factors were found to be positively reinforcing the industry, including: the consistency of the whale encounters and the high level of customer satisfaction. On the other hand, a number of variables were also identified as potential areas of vulnerability, such as: the present downturn in tourist visitation to the region and the need for an improved, consolidated marketing program.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".