Bibliographic record
Abstract
SUMMITSsovereign states.Former Interim Permanent Representative of the United States to the United Nations John Bolton 17 is a prominent critic of an international governance role for civil society.18 Similarly, Kenneth Anderson has decried the threat that non-state actors, principally international NGOs, pose to "the sovereignty of democratic states."'19 Bolton, Anderson, and other critics reject transnational collaboration outside traditional diplomatic channels as an unaccountable, illegitimate, and even undemocratic threat to vital conceptions of sovereignty.20 One key metaphor that Bolton uses when challenging non-state access to international process is a claim that this access pro-17.Bolton was appointed by President George W. Bush in a recess appointment after Bolton failed to receive confirmation from the Senate, and he served from August 2005 until December 2006.He resigned when his recess appointment would have ended.See Helene Cooper, Bush Drops Bid to Keep Bolton as UN Envoy, INT'L
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.012 | 0.032 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.014 | 0.011 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.014 | 0.010 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.010 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.009 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.020 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".