Role of proteinase‐activated receptor‐2 in anti‐bacterial and immunomodulatory effects of interferon‐γ on human neutrophils and monocytes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recent studies show that proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR(2)) contributes to the development of inflammatory responses. However, investigations into the precise role of PAR(2) activation in the anti-microbial defence of human leucocytes are just beginning. We therefore evaluated the contribution of PAR(2) to the anti-microbial response of isolated human innate immune cells. We found that PAR(2) agonist, acting alone, enhances phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus and killing of Escherichia coli by human leucocytes, and that the magnitude of the effect is similar to that of interferon-γ (IFN-γ). However, co-application of PAR(2) -cAP and IFN-γ did not enhance the phagocytic and bacteria-killing activity of leucocytes beyond that triggered by either agonist alone. On the other hand, IFN-γ enhances PAR(2) agonist-induced monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) secretion by human neutrophils and monocytes. Furthermore, phosphoinositide-3 kinase and janus kinase molecules are involved in the synergistic effect of PAR(2) agonist and IFN-γ on MCP-1 secretion. Our findings suggest a potentially protective role of PAR(2) agonists in the anti-microbial defence established by human monocytes and neutrophils.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".