Diminished nitric oxide‐dependent sweating in older males during intermittent exercise in the heat
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
New Findings What is the central question of this study? Sweating during exercise in the heat is, in part, mediated through nitric oxide‐dependent mechanisms. It is unclear whether ageing reduces nitric oxide‐dependent sweating during exercise in the heat. What is the main finding and its importance? Nitric oxide‐dependent sweating during short bouts of exercise in the heat was observed in young men, but not in older adults. These findings show that age‐related impairment in sweating may be associated with age‐related reductions in nitric oxide‐mediated sweating. Nitric oxide (NO) is a signalling molecule that contributes to the control of many physiological pathways, including the heat‐loss response of skin vasodilatation. Recently, NO has been implicated in the control of sweating during exercise in young adults. We tested the hypothesis that ageing reduces NO‐dependent sweating during exercise in the heat. Ten young (23 ± 3 years old) and 10 older men (64 ± 5 years old), matched for body surface area, performed three successive 15 min bouts of exercise (Ex1, Ex2 and Ex3) at the same rate of metabolic heat production (300 W m −2 ) in the heat (35°C, 20% relative humidity). Exercise periods were interspersed with 15 min recovery periods. Local sweat rate (ventilated capsule) was measured on two forearm skin sites, which were continuously perfused via intradermal microdialysis with 0.9% saline as control (CON) or 10 m m N G ‐nitro‐ l ‐arginine methyl ester ( l ‐NAME), a non‐selective NO synthase inhibitor. Local sweat rate at the end of Ex1 was lower in the CON conditions in the older versus young men (0.69 ± 0.19 versus 0.90 ± 0.17 mg min −1 cm −2 , P = 0.018). In the young men, local sweat rate was reduced in the l ‐NAME‐treated conditions compared with the CON conditions at the end of Ex1 (0.67 ± 0.14 versus 0.90 ± 0.17 mg min −1 cm −2 , P = 0.004), Ex2 (0.78 ± 0.20 versus 1.03 ± 0.20 mg min −1 cm −2 , P = 0.013) and Ex3 (0.78 ± 0.20 versus 1.03 ± 0.21 mg min −1 cm −2 , P = 0.014). In the older men, there was no main effect of treatment conditions on local sweat rate ( P = 0.537) such that local sweat rates in the l ‐NAME‐treated and CON conditions were similar (Ex1, 0.65 ± 0.20 versus 0.69 ± 0.19 mg min −1 cm −2 ; Ex2, 0.80 ± 0.27 versus 0.91 ± 0.29 mg min −1 cm −2 ; and Ex3, 0.84 ± 0.31 versus 0.94 ± 0.38 mg min −1 cm −2 ). We conclude that ageing attenuates the influence of NO in the control of local forearm sweating observed in young adults during short 15 min bouts of exercise in the heat. This mechanism may, in part, explain the age‐related impairments in sweating.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it