Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Polish Families and Migration Since EU Accession, Anne White examines the experiences of Polish migrants to the UK after Poland's accession to the European Union in 2004.The book's focus is on the migration experiences of working-class Polish families, as told largely by women in their roles as wives, mothers and workers.White addresses questions such as why Poles leave Poland for the UK, why some migrate individually and others with families, how migration strategies reflect, shape and perhaps alter gender roles, how migrants live their lives in the UK, and what factors cause people to contemplate return migration.This research is based on 115 interviews with Polish women residing in four UK cities (Bath, Bristol, Trowbridge and Frome) and two Polish cities (Sanok and Grajewo) as well as data obtained from a specially-commissioned survey.White's discussion is organized around concepts including livelihood strategies, migration culture, networks, transnationalism, integration and acculturation, and enlivened by substantial excerpts from her interviews.This book makes a number of contributions to the study of migration and to the anthropology of Europe.The experience of Polish migrants to the UK is set against the backdrop of local, national and transnational political, economic and social conditions.Many people's decisions to migrate are triggered by Poland's high unemployment rate (particularly in certain regions), an outcome of the economic reforms adopted after socialism's collapse.While some regions in Poland have a long-standing history of migration, the character of this migration has changed particularly since Poland's accession to the European Union in 2004, which rendered borders between Poland and fellow EU states more permeable.In recent years, the UK has become one of the most popular destination countries for emigrating Poles.Faced with job precariousness and low wages, people often perceive themselves as forced to migrate, not "for bread" (ie: the barest livelihood) but rather to attain what they consider a "normal" or "decent" lifestyle, consisting of home ownership and education for their children.The migration experience of Poles after 2004 contributes many insights to the study of transnationalism.Poles arriving in the UK often do not have definite plans as to how long they will stay and whether or not they will return.They frequently receive visits from relatives in Poland, and some visit Poland up to a few times a year, often using the trip as an opportunity to visit the doctor, dentist and hairdresser.Such "temporarines" and "open-endedness", argues White, are privileges of those "without legal restrictions on
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".