Oxygen Sensing in Neuroepithelial and Adrenal Chromaffin Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Oxygen sensing and initiation of appropriate physiological responses to hypoxia are crucial for survival. The molecular identity of the sensor has generally sparked considerable interest and controversy in O2-sensitive cells. In mammals, pulmonary neuroepithelial bodies (NEBs) and adrenal chromaffin cells (AMCs) are O2 sensitive, particularly during the transition from intrauterine to air-breathing life. In NEBs, there is good evidence that the O2 sensor is a plasma membrane-bound NADPH oxidase which during hypoxia, signals K+ channel inhibition, membrane depolarization and neurosecretion via changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) (e.g. H2O2). Accordingly, hypoxic sensitivity is lost in NEBs from transgenic mice deficient in the gp91(phox) subunit of NADPH oxidase; it is, however, retained in neonatal AMCs from these transgenic mice. A search for the O2 sensor in neonatal rat AMCs suggests a role for the mitochondrial electron transport chain. For example, the complex I blocker, rotenone (1 microM), mimics hypoxia in causing K+ channel inhibition and ATP secretion, and occludes hypoxic sensitivity. The evidence is consistent with hypoxia and rotenone acting via a decrease in ROS. In contrast, the complex IV blocker cyanide (2 mM) did not mimic the effects of hypoxia. We propose thatchanges in ROS serve as a common link between the O2 sensor and secretion in perinatal NEBs and chromaffin cells. However, the subcellular localization of the O2 sensor appears to be different between these two cell types.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".