Photon detection with <i>n</i>-propanol and C2H6O isomers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We demonstrate that a Geiger–Müller-type bandpass photon detector, suitable for inverse photoemission experiments, can be constructed from a MgF2 entrance window that has a high-energy transmission threshold of 10.97 eV, and ethanol, a detection gas with an ionization potential of 10.48 eV. The photon detector has a mean detection energy of ℏωd=(10.89±0.07) eV and a bandpass of Δℏωd=(0.37±0.05) eV. A photon detector can also be constructed from n-propanol/MgF2 with a mean detection energy of ℏωd=(10.76±0.07) eV and a bandpass Δℏωd=(0.41±0.05) eV. These two new detection gas/window combinations have a higher detection energy and a narrower bandpass than the dimethylether/MgF2 detector [Δℏωd=(0.71±0.04) eV and ℏωd=10.60 eV]. Since all three detectors utilize a MgF2 entrance window, the photon bandpass can be changed straightforwardly by changing the detection gas. For systems that can be easily damaged by electron beams, having the freedom to open up the detector bandpass is an advantage because it can reduce the total electron exposure time.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".