Review: IRF Regulation of HIV-1 Long Terminal Repeat Activity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Interferon (IFN) regulatory factors (IRF) constitute a family of transcriptional activators and repressors implicated in multiple biologic processes, including regulation of immune responses and host defense, cytokine signalling, cell growth regulation, and hematopoietic development. All members are characterized by well-conserved DNA binding domains at the N-terminal region that recognize similar DNA sequences termed IRF-binding element/IFN-stimulated response element (IRF-E/ISRE) present on the promoter of the IFN-alpha/beta genes and of some IFN-stimulated genes (ISG). Recently, a sequence homologous to the ISRE has been identified downstream of the 5' human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat (LTR). This sequence is a binding site for IRF-1 and IRF-2. Deletion of the LTR-ISRE results in impaired LTR promoter activity and decreased synthesis of viral RNA and proteins. Here, we briefly summarize characteristics of IRF-1 and IRF-2 binding to the HIV-1 LTR-ISRE and the data obtained to date on the functionality of this cis-element and on the role of IRF in the regulation of HIV-1 LTR transcriptional activity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".