Passion and Profession, Doctors in Skirts: The Letters of Doctors Frieda Fraser and Edith Bickerton Williams
Bibliographic record
Abstract
"Passion and Profession; Doctors in Skirts," is based on the extensive correspondence between Dr. Frieda Fraser and Dr. Edith Bickerton Williams, two Canadian women who were lovers from 1924 and life partners from 1937, until the death of Dr. Williams in 1979. Dr. Fraser became a prominent researcher and lecturer of Microbiology at the University of Toronto. Dr. Williams was one of the first women in North America to graduate as a Veterinarian. Dr. Frieda Fraser's medical training afforded her the freedom to foster a same-sex relationship with her partner Edith. Her freedom was constrained however, as women interns were placed in institutions thought appropriate for their sex, and prospects of private practice for a woman doctor were bleak. The letters' candid accounts of conflicts with male authority, challenges to ideas about sexuality, and the pervasiveness of prejudice, often reinforced by the scientific community, are important to the History of Medicine. The paper demonstrated that the same-sex relationship and identity, developed in the course of the Fraser/Williams correspondence, proved a primary source of strength in the face of the doctors' tribulations and triumphs as professionals in the medical field.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.019 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.027 | 0.017 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.010 | 0.014 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".