Geology and Wine 7. Geology and Wine Production in the Coastal Region, Western Cape Province, South Africa
Bibliographic record
Abstract
South Africa's wine industry, founded in1659, ranks 16th in the world in terms of vineyard acreage and 7th in terms of wine production, making the country a significant player in the world wine industry. The industry saw early success with the wines of Constantia in the 18th century and is currently recovering from the influence of legislative controls that restricted the industry over much of the 20th century. The Coastal Region, which includes the important Stellenbosch and Paarl Districts, forms the heartland of the industry and accounts for approximately 45% of the country's wine production. Geologically this important region is underlain by argillaceous sediments of the Malmesbury Group (late Proterozoic); granitic intrusives of the Cape Granite Suite (Late Proterozoic-Cambrian); conglomerates and mudstones of the Klipheuwel Group (Ordovician); and are naceous sediments of the Table Mountain Group (Middle Ordovician-Early Devonian). In addition, Cenozoic deposits -soils, river gravels, aeolian sands and bedrock weathering products including saprolites and kaolin - are important factors. Soils consisting of loam or containing clay layers are important owing to their ability to retain moisture that can be utilized by vines during the dry summer months. The two main subdivisions of the Coastal Region, the Stellenbosch and Paarl districts, are discussed below in more detail. Their geological, topographic and general climatic characteristics illustrate the wide range of terroirs present in districts and are features to be considered as the country ponders over changes to its Wine of Origin legislation. Sommaire Fondee en 1659, l'industrie vinicole d'Afrique du Sud est aujourd'hui la 16e en importance au monde quant a la superficie cultivee et la 7e quant au volume de vin produit, ce qui en fait un producteur significatif de l'industrie vinicole planetaire. L'industrie a connu ses premiers succes avec les vins de Constance au 18e siecle, et de nos jours, elle se remet progressivement des effets legislatifs contraignants qui ont ete en vigueur au cours d'une grande partie du 20e siecle. La region Cotiere, en particulier les importants districts de Stellenbosch et de Paarl, constituent le coeur de l'industrie avec 45 % de la production de vin du pays. Le substratum geologique de cette importante region est constitue des sediments argileux du Groupe de Malmesbury (fin du Proterozoique); des masses intrusives de la suite granitique du Cap (fin du Proterozoique-debut du Cambrien); des conglomerats et des lutites du Groupe de Klipheuwel (Ordovicien), et; des sediments arenaces du Groupe de Table Mountain (Ordovicien moyen-debut Devonien). Les couches cenozoiques de sols, graviers fluviatiles, sables eoliens ainsi que les produits d'alteration comme les saprolites et les kaolins sont egalement des facteurs importants. Les sols constitues de loam ou qui renferment des couches d'argiles sont importants pour la survie de la vigne durant les mois secs de l'ete, a cause de leur capacite a retenir l'eau. Les deux principales zones de laregion Cotiere, soit les districts de Stellenbosch, et celui de Paarl, font l'objet d'une discussion detaillee ci-dessous. Leurs caracteristiques geologiques, topographiques et climatiques generales permettent de comprendre le large eventail de terroirs de ces districts et constituent autant de facteurs a considerer au moment oj le pays considere la possibilite d'apporter des changements a sa legislation sur les vins d'origine.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".