Impact of Ferroresonance on protective relays in Manitoba Hydro 230 kV electrical network
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Catastrophic circumstances and equipment failures in electrical networks are mostly caused by emerging unidentified phenomena. Resonance and Ferroresonance are those phenomena, which have been investigated since, many years ago. Manitoba Hydro 230 kV electrical network has experienced Ferroresonant states several times. Such conditions may occur in effect of short circuit, breaker phase failure, transformer energizing, load rejection, accidental or scheduled line disconnection, and plant outage. One of the significant consequences of resonant and Ferroresonant states can be an apparent mis-operation or tripping some protective devices and inaccurate operation of instrument transformers. In this paper by means of PSCAD/EMTDC simulation software, Ferroresonant states are analyzed in Manitoba Hydro 230 kV network. Ferroresonant states are classified in to adequate modes by Ferroresonance detection tools, furthermore; kinds of protective relays subjected to Ferroresonance are simulated in the power network, and operation of relays is assessed.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it