Oral and intravenous phenylalanine kinetics in medium sized, adult mixed hounds
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To validate the use of oral isotope studies in dogs and define phenylalanine (PHE) kinetics, intravenous (IV) and oral bolus dosing studies were performed in 5 adult, spayed, mixed hound female dogs. Dogs (~3 yrs, ~22 kg) were fed diets that met or exceeded AAFCO guidelines for individual nutrients. On the day of study, dogs were weighed and a catheter was inserted in the cephalic vein for blood sampling and isotope infusion. Dogs received 25 half hourly meals providing a total of 13 g/kg. After two feedings, blood samples were taken immediately before each feeding for the remainder of the study. After 5 feedings, dogs received either an oral or IV bolus of L‐[1‐ 13 C]PHE (12 mg/kg BW). Oral dosing was accomplished by adding the isotope to the ½ hourly feeding at t0. All dogs received both oral and IV dosing on separate days, 2 weeks apart. Enrichment and concentrations of plasma PHE were measured. Standard equations were used to calculate non‐steady state kinetics. Oral dosing resulted in a greater turnover time (1.403 vs. 0.724 h, P<0.05) and half life (0.972 vs. 0.502 h, P<0.05) than IV dosing. There were no differences in either plasma PHE concentrations (34 μmol/L ± 0.63) or PHE pool size (9.97 μmol/kg ± 0.63) between groups (P>0.05). Together, these data demonstrate that oral isotope dosing can be used in dogs to determine amino acid kinetics, avoiding the use of the more invasive intravenous dosing. Furthermore, PHE kinetics have been defined in the healthy adult, female, mixed hound dog.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".