“It Would Be Best to Leave Us Alone”: First Nations Responses to the Canadian War Effort, 1914-18
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Early histories of the Great War emphasized the more patriotic and enthusiastic contributions of First Nations to the Canadian war effort. Situated in a more recent historiography, the present work applies new anecdotal and statistical evidence to explore the ambivalence and resistance that characterized the wartime responses of countless other First Nations peoples. First Nations responses to patriotic funding drives and to enlistment in particular were informed by a complex set of priorities and circumstances that both reflected and differed from those of Euro-Canadians. On balance, it can be said that First Nations peoples demonstrated significant reticence towards the war effort, and that the apparent enthusiasm of some was seldom driven by patriotism. While the country’s Indigenous war heroes deserve a prominent place in Canadian history, then, the stories of those people who did not respond to the war effort with enthusiasm must also be told in order to understand the heterogeneity of First Nations’ Great War experiences better.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.050 | 0.019 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".