Ectopic Pregnancy and Assisted Reproductive Technologies: A Systematic Review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ectopic Pregnancy -Modern Diagnosis and Management 46 2. Methods Identification and eligibility of relevant studiesMedline searches (up to March 2011) were performed using various combinations of terms: ectopic pregnancy, heterotopic pregnancy, In Vitro Fertilization, Intrauterine Insemination, pelvic inflammatory disease, Chlamydia trachomatis, heterotopic pregnancy, cervical pregnancy, cost-effectiveness.The search was complemented with perusal of the bibliographies of retrieved papers and review articles.We included studies that evaluated the presence of an ectopic pregnancy after IVF in case reports, although in other chapters information was obtained from studies in the general population.Number of tested samples was not an exclusion criterion.Only studies including human subjects were included. Data extractionFor each study, information was obtained on authors, journal, year of publication, country and years of study enrollment, study design and study target, number of tested samples, tissue and disease tested, searched molecules and pathways involved, clinical outcome and whether biopsy was performed with the site.Data extraction was performed independently by two investigators, and conflicts were resolved after discussion. Main outcomes Statistical methodsFrequencies of all important parameters were performed.Statistical analyses were performed in using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 12.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). Founding sourceNo sponsor was involved in the study design, report writing, or paper submission. Results Studies examining biological factors playing a role to ectopic pregnancyA total of 42 abstracts were retrieved and further screened.Only studies that performed basic investigations were included in this part.Out of 20 included studies, 3 were performed in USA (15%), 2 in Germany (10%), Israel, Sweden and UK, and from one (5%) in Brazil, Canada, China, Croatia, Denmark, Finland, Hungary, India and Poland.8 (40%) of them considered themselves clinical, 8 (40%) experimental, 1 (5%) prospective, 1 (5%) as pilot study, 1 (1%) as preliminary report, 1 (5%) as hypothesis testing.The type of study per country initiated can be seen in Fig 1.All studies selected used human tissue.Five studies used fallopian tubes (25%).From the other studies 1 (5%) used fallopian tube and peripheral blood, 1 used deciduas, placenta, primary first trimester trophoblast cells and peripheral blood, 1 used decidual tissue, 2 endometrial tissue, 1 epithelial tissue and 1 mucosal tissue, 1 cervical specimen and www.intechopen.comEctopic Pregnancy and Assisted Reproductive Technologies: A Systematic Review 47 Fig. 2. Type of study per tissue used when examining biological factors in ectopic pregnancy fallopian tube samples, 1 used human endometrium and fallopian tube, 2 used human placental tissue, 1 used ovarian, prostate, endometrial, tubal and semen, 1 used trophoblast, 2 used serum samples, 1 used transervical specimens and one used stimulated cervical mononuclear cell supernatants.The type of study per tissue used can be seen in Fig 2.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".