Why Boko Haram kidnaps women and young girls in north-eastern Nigeria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Since its re-emergence in 2010, Nigeria's Islamist group Boko Haram (meaning 'Western education is sinful') has been unleashing a systematic campaign of bombings, kidnappings and drive-by shootings across much of northeastern Nigeria. The group, whose ultimate aim is to Islamise Nigeria, is convinced that secular education (boko) and Westernised elites (yan boko) are the twin problems of the Nigerian state. By its own definition, Boko Haram claims to be Salafist, devoted to austere and fundamentalist interpretation of early It is also jihadist, indicating a commitment to actively promote its cause. The group's founder, Mohammed Yusuf, noted before the uprising of 2009 that: We are for jihad, and our jihad is intended to make us [Muslims] return to the original state of Islam. Boko Haram also espouses an ultra-Salafi ideology that regards women as inferior to men and considers Christian women, in particular, as of an outcast. Attacks by Boko Haram on schools in north-eastern Nigeria have been rampant. In July 2013, members of the group stormed a boarding school in Yobe State and set 29 students and one teacher alight. In 2012, the group distributed pamphlets and videos and delivered sermons throughout northern Nigeria, calling for girls to be denied modern education and promising to abduct infidel women as slaves. In March 2014, about 85 secondary schools were closed and over 120 000 students were sent home by the Borno State government, following increasing attacks on schools by Boko Haram. On the night of 14-15 April 2014, Boko Haram gained worldwide publicity and social media activism (through the #BringBackOurGirls campaign) when it kidnapped over 200 schoolgirls sitting for their final exams in the town of Chibok in Borno State. The Nigerian government's inertia to take any action in response to the Chibok abductions, combined with the confusion over the actual number of girls kidnapped, drew widespread local and international condemnation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.012 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".