Bibliographic record
Abstract
The young Mao was a champion of women's rights. In early published essays, he attacked the arranged-marriage system and the way women were treated in the family. Later, in his reports on rural areas, he consistently gave attention to women's issues. The revolution that he led accepted the equality of the sexes as a major objective. Although it did not fully succeed in achieving even its own limited vision of equality, it did transform the roles of women in Chinese society. Yet Mao's treatment of the women in his own life did not reflect his ideals. The one thing that his wives had in common was that they suffered through their association with him. In old age, he indulged a lascivious fondness for pretty young nurses and assistants. This chapter explores Mao's attitudes toward gender as manifested in both his writings and his private life and will discuss how these relate to the achievements and deficiencies of Maoist gender policies. WOMEN IN MAO'S THOUGHT AND WRITING In his account of his childhood, Mao depicted himself as having been allied with his mother against his father. In hindsight, at least, he saw his father as an authoritarian tyrant and his mother and siblings as “the opposition.” When he was 14, Mao, by his own account, rejected the marriage arranged for him, demonstrating his opposition to the traditional marriage system for the first time.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".