Are We There Yet? The Right to Environment in International and European Law
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recent decades have witnessed a progressive integration of international human rights law and international environmental law. Environmental human rights have been widely recognized in international environmental policy, domestic constitutions, and the decisions of international tribunals. A review of existing scholarship and jurisprudence reveals three discernible approaches to environmental human rights. The first is the recognition that environmental degradation may result in the violation or deprivation of existing human rights such as the right to life, the right to health, or the right to culture. A second approach, which has been codified internationally in at least two important treaties, recognizes procedural environmental rights, including the right to environmental information, the right to participate in environmental decision-making, and the right of access to justice in environmental matters. Finally, commentators, states, and tribunals are increasingly recognizing a free-standing “right to environment” which overlaps with, but extends beyond, other existing human rights. This Article will evaluate the content and current status of these three categories of environmental human rights in international law, and in the law of one of the most environmentally progressive regions of the world – Europe. (Dans le courant des dernieres decennies, le droit international a vu apparaitre l’integration progressive des droits de la personne et du droit de l’environnement. D’ailleurs, les differentes politiques environnementales, constitutions domestiques et decisions des tribunaux internationaux reconnaissent maintenant la jonction des droits environnementaux et de la personne. La doctrine et de la jurisprudence revele, a cet egard, trois approches distinctes. Une premiere observation suggere que la degradation de l’environnement entraine la violation ou la destitution de droits de la personne tels le droit a la vie, le droit a la sante ou encore le droit a la culture. Une seconde approche, d’ailleurs codifiee au sein d’au moins deux traites majeurs, concerne l’emergence de droits proceduraux de l’environnement, incluant le droit a l’information sur l’environnement, le droit a la participation lors de prises de decisions environnementales, ainsi que le droit a la justice quant aux enjeux environnementaux. Finalement, un nombre grandissant d’auteurs, d’Etats et de tribunaux reconnait l’existence d’un droit a l’environnement en tant que sphere autonome du droit, qui coincide avec certains droits de la personne mais ayant une etendue plus large. Cet article evaluera la substance et le statut actuel de ces trois categories decoulant de la jonction des droits environnementaux et de la personne au sein du droit international, et plus precisement telle que vehiculee par l’une des regions les plus progressistes au niveau environnemental - l’Europe.)
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.013 | 0.012 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.042 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.022 | 0.026 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.011 | 0.009 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".