Long‐term efficacy of the bone‐anchored male sling for moderate and severe stress urinary incontinence
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To present a prospective long-term evaluation of the bone-anchored male sling (InVance™, American Medical Systems, Minnetonka, MN, USA) for patients with moderate to severe stress urinary incontinence (SUI) after prostate surgery PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-five patients had a male sling implanted for SUI after prostate surgery. The evaluation before and after surgery included a complete history and physical examination, various questionnaires (American Urological Association Symptom Score, University of California Los Angeles/RAND prostate index), cysto-urethroscopy, International Continence Society (ICS) 1-h pad test and a urodynamic study. The follow-up assessments were at 2, 6 and 12 months after surgery, and yearly thereafter. The success rate was defined as the percentage of patients 'dry' and 'improved'. RESULTS: The median (range) follow-up was 36 (2-64) months. Twelve patients (27%) had previous adjuvant radiotherapy. Eighteen patients (40%) had moderate SUI (two or three pads/day) and 27 (60%) had severe SUI (more than three pads/day). All preoperative ICS 1-h pad tests were positive. The success rate was 76%; 16 patients were dry (36%), 18 were improved (one or two pads/day, 40%) and in 11 the sling was a failure (24%); 76% of ICS 1-h pad tests were negative after surgery. The postoperative urodynamic study showed no signs of bladder outlet obstruction. In all, 72% of patients were satisfied/very satisfied with the surgery and 86% considered themselves cured/almost cured. The success rate was not affected by the presence of previous radiotherapy or the severity of SUI. Ten patients had perineal numbness, but in all it resolved within 1-3 months. There was one mesh infection which required its removal. There was no urethral erosion. CONCLUSION: Compared to previous studies, the InVance male sling had a good success rate for moderate and severe SUI, with a median follow-up of 36 months. The results did not differ for moderate or severe SUI or with the presence of previous radiotherapy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".