On Whose Interest is the State Intervention in Biofuel Investment in Tanzania
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
direct investors. The assumption behind increasing foreign direct investment in the country is that they enable capital flow, skills and technology transfers and create employment. Studies on foreign direct investment pointed out that, state intervention is needed to ensure that profits accrued from the investments benefit countries hosting these investments. Despite state intervention in biofuel investments in the country studies have reported that the investments have negatively impacted communities. The aim of this paper is to determine the nature of state intervention in the process of biofuel investment in Tanzania, using case studies of Kisarawe, Bagamoyo, Rufiji, and Kilwa districts. Eight villages were chosen, two from each district. Interviews were conducted with villagers and officials working in government institutions and biofuel companies. A review of minutes of village meetings which discussed investors’ requests for land from the villages was conducted. Findings reveal that there was a strong state intervention to assist investors to get land from villagers, and lack of, or less state intervention is seen when villagers demand for compensation and asking investors to fulfil their promises. Key words : biofuels, foreign direct investment, state intervention, development Resume: L'investissement des biocarburants en Tanzanie est dirigee par les investisseurs directs etrangers. L'hypothese derriere l'accroissement des investissements directs etrangers dans le pays est qu'ils permettent des flux de capitaux, les competences et les transferts de technologie et creer des emplois. Les etudes sur l'investissement direct etranger a souligne que, intervention de l'Etat est necessaire pour veiller a ce que les benefices accumules par les pays d'accueil des investissements prestations de ces investissements. Malgre l'intervention de l'Etat dans les investissements de biocarburants dans les etudes de pays ont signale que les investissements ont un impact negatif sur les communautes. Le but de cet article est de determiner la nature de l'intervention etatique dans le processus de l'investissement des biocarburants en Tanzanie, en utilisant des etudes de cas de Kisarawe, Bagamoyo, Rufiji, et les districts de Kilwa. Huit villages ont ete choisis, deux de chaque district. entrevues ont ete menees avec les villageois et les fonctionnaires travaillant dans les institutions gouvernementales et les societes de biocarburants. Un examen des proces-verbaux du village reunions qui ont discute des demandes des investisseurs pour les terres des villages a ete realisee. Les resultats revelent qu'il y avait une forte intervention de l'Etat pour aider les investisseurs a obtenir des terres des villageois, et le manque de, ou intervention de l'Etat est vu lorsque les villageois demande de compensation et de demander aux investisseurs pour s'acquitter de leurs promesses. Mots cles: Biocarburants, L’investissement etranger direct, Intervention de l’Etat, Le developpement
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it