Bibliographic record
Abstract
Consider the positive integers 1,2, 3,4, … Among them there are composite numbers and primes. A composite number is a product of several factors ≠ 1, such as 15 = 3∙5; or 16 = 2∙8. A prime p is characterized by the fact that its only possible factorization apart from the order of the factors is p = 1 p. Every composite number can be written as a product of primes, such as 16 = 2∙2∙2∙2.— Now, what can we say about the integer 1 ? Is it a prime or a composite? Since 1 has the only possible factorization 1’1 we could agree that it is a prime. We might also consider the product 1∙p as a product of two primes; somewhat awkward for a prime number p.—The dilemma is solved if we adopt the convention of classifying the number 1 as neither prime nor composite. We shall call the number 1 a unit. The positive integers may thus be divided into:
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".