Searching for Rights in the Age of Activism: The Newfoundland-Labrador Human Rights Association, 1968-1982
Bibliographic record
Abstract
U ntil the late 1990s, N ew foundland w as the only Canadian province w ith a public education system adm inistered and m onopolized by the churches. As a re sult, w hen 25-year-old Judy N orm an in 1972 refused to state her denom inational affiliation on the application form, she w as denied a teaching certificate. W ith the aid o f friends and colleagues, student com m ittees w ere form ed at M em orial U ni versity to debate the value o f a church-based education system, and supporters m arched through shopping m alls in St. John’s, Gander, Grand Falls and Harbour Grace w ith petitions dem anding that N orm an be granted her certificate. In the House o f A ssem bly, the Liberal opposition’s education critic, F.W. Rowe, echoed the dem ands o f the petitioners that “academic or professional qualification be the basis for recom m endation [for a teaching certificate].”1 Progressive Conservative Prem ier Frank M oores responded by announcing an im m ediate investigation into the m atter by a com m ittee o f the House. N ew spaper articles discussing the activi ties o f Judy N orm an and her colleagues w ere carried in at least 11 papers across the country. In dism issing accusations o f discrim ination, Rev. G eoffrey Shaw, head o f the Pentecostal exam ining board, argued that the existing system was ideal for a province w here 98 percent o f the population w as Christian. He also stressed the need for children not to “be subjected to a m ilitant atheistic Com m unist who m ight unteach Christian principles,” though he had no evidence about N orm an’s political view s.2 A potentially divisive social issue quickly died away. M oores’s investiga tion never materialized, the m edia soon tired o f the case, and N orm an began teach ing for the Integrated School Board a few m onths later, having never declared her affiliation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.023 | 0.010 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.008 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.018 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".