MT(1) melatonin receptor in the human retina: expression and localization.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: Melatonin's function in human vision is far from understood, in part because of the lack of information on its cellular targets. Therefore, expression and localization of the MT(1) melatonin receptor in human retina was examined. METHODS: Postmortem nonpathologic human eyes from nine donors were investigated, three by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for MT(1) and MT(2) transcripts and six by immunocytochemistry, using a peptide-specific anti-MT(1) receptor antibody. RESULTS: RT-PCR suggested that both MT(1) and MT(2) transcripts had similar levels of expression. Vertical slices of human retina demonstrated MT(1) immunoreactivity in cell bodies along the outer border of the inner nuclear layer (INL), along the inner border of the INL, in cell bodies within the ganglion cell layer (GCL), and in the inner segments (IS) of photoreceptors. Double immunolabeling using anti-MT(1) and tyrosine hydroxylase revealed that 69% of CA1 and 63% of CA2 dopaminergic neurons exhibited MT(1) immunoreaction. Double immunolabeling with anti-parvalbumin, a horizontal cell marker, showed that MT(1)-positive cells along the outer INL border were exclusively horizontal cells, and that 18% of horizontal cells in central retina expressed MT(1). Double staining with MT(1) and markers for both rod and cone photoreceptors suggest that IS staining is present on rod cells. CONCLUSIONS: The MT(1) receptor is expressed in diverse neuronal cell types in the human retina, providing evidence of a significant role for melatonin and this receptor subtype in human vision.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".