Internal Waves in Laboratory Experiments
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This chapter focuses mostly upon the use of synthetic schlieren to measure perturbation density gradients due to internal waves in continuously stratified media. When used to examine spanwise-uniform and axisymmetric disturbances, it has provided a useful check on the limitations of linear, inviscid theory. The chapter reviews an analysis method for separating out waves propagating in different directions, and describes a recently developed mechanism for generating waves that does not suffer some of the drawbacks of oscillating or towed rigid objects. It briefly discusses how synthetic schlieren visualizes disturbances in a fluid through contrasting snapshots taken by a digital camera looking through the fluid at a black-and-white image of lines or dots. The chapter describes the treatment of axisymmetric and fully three-dimensional disturbances. Finally, other advances in generating internal waves and analyzing them using particle image velocimetry (PIV) are described.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it