Bibliographic record
Abstract
Using monocrystalline p-type substrates of CuInSe/sub 2/ obtained from single crystal ingots of Bridgman-grown material, photovoltaic cells were fabricated with the layer structures CuInSe/sub 2//CdO and CuInSe/sub 2//CdS/CdO, where the CdO window layer, for both kinds of device, was deposited by DC reactive sputtering. The second kind of cell, where the lattice-matching CdS interlayer was deposited by a chemical bath method, showed a conversion efficiency of about 6.8% and a dark forward ideality factor of 1.7. By comparison, the device without the interlayer, where the lattice mismatch between the CuInSe/sub 2/ and the CdO was about 23%, showed a surprising efficiency of 6.3%, despite a larger dark ideality factor of 2.7. This result, indicating that the defect centers at the CuInSe/sub 2/-CdO interface arising from the large lattice mismatch play a smaller role than expected, suggests that the seat of photovoltaic action may lie away from the substrate-window layer interface.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".