Influenza A Virus Infects Human Mast Cells and Increases Expression of Antiviral Genes (133.43)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Evidence is building for the role of mast cells (MC) in innate immune responses against various pathogens. In the lungs, MC exist close to epithelial cells (EC), where influenza A virus (FluA) primarily replicates. Viruses such as dengue virus and HIV are capable of replicating in MC, but no report of FluA replication in MC currently exists. Our aim was to characterize FluA infection in human MC and examine host factors in MC that might regulate virus replication. Human MC lines (HMC1 and LAD2) and primary MC cultured from human peripheral blood (PBMC) were exposed to FluA (PR/34/8, 20HAU/ml). EC lines (MDCK and Calu-3) were used as comparative cell types. The presence of RNA viral transcripts by RT-PCR followed similar time courses in MC and EC. Supernatants were harvested at various time points after infection. Total FluA parcticles as determined by ability to agglutinate red blood cells was significantly lower (p<0.05) in MC (27 ± 13 HAU/ml) than in EC (480 ± 160 HAU/ml) at 4 days after infection. Infectious FluA particles as determined by ability of supernatants to infect Calu-3 were detected from EC but not MC. Since FluA replication was diminished in MC compared to EC, we explored whether MC express and/or upregulate antiviral genes in response to FluA. We have data that RNA transcripts of antiviral genes, such as nitric oxide synthase 3 and protein kinase R, are increased in MC exposed to FluA. Our evidence suggests that MC have antiviral mechanisms to restrict FluA replication, which may contribute to host immunity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".