A novel highly stable high-resolution oversampled Σ-Δ A/D converter configuration
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Feedforward and multiple-feedback /spl Sigma/-/spl Delta/ A/D converters offer high-resolution, but are susceptible to instability in the presence of capacitor tolerances in a corresponding switched capacitor (SC) hardware implementation. The hitherto /spl Sigma/-/spl Delta/ A/D converters are usually based on: (a) complementary signal and noise transfer functions; and/or (b) unit-circle noise transfer function zeros. This paper is concerned with the development of a novel /spl Sigma/-/spl Delta/ A/D converter having, instead, magnitude-squared or magnitude-complementary signal and noise transfer functions. The proposed A/D converter exhibits resolution and dynamic range properties similar to those of the existing feedforward and multiple-feedback A/D converters, but offers increased stability performance in the presence of capacitor tolerances in the SC hardware implementation. In addition, the SC hardware implementation of the resulting A/D converter leads to a capacitance spread which is comparable to that of hitherto /spl Sigma/-/spl Delta/ A/D converters.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".