Fracture resistance of immature teeth filled with BioAggregate, mineral trioxide aggregate and calcium hydroxide
Bibliographic record
Abstract
UNLABELLED: Abstract - Background: The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the long-term fracture resistance of human immature permanent teeth filled with BioAggregate (BA), mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and calcium hydroxide (CH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study consisted of single rooted premolar teeth with immature root formation extracted for orthodontic reasons. A total of 28 immature premolars with average root length of 10.7 mm and apical diameter of 3 mm were included in the study. The pulps were extirpated and the canals were prepared using an apical approach. The teeth were randomly assigned to four groups: Group I: DiaRoot(®) BA (DiaDent, Burnaby, BC, Canada), Group II: Angelus MTA (MTA-A; Angelus, Londrina, Brazil), Group III: ProRoot(®) MTA (MTA-PR; Dentsply, Tulsa, OK, USA), Group IV: CH (Sultan Chemists Inc., Englewood, NJ, USA). The teeth were placed in saline solution at 4°C for 1 year. The root of each tooth was then embedded in an acrylic resin block. All specimens were loaded at a crosshead speed of 1 mm min(-1) in an Instron testing machine and the peak loads up to fracture were recorded. Data were analysed statistically by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests. RESULTS: Mean (±SD) failure loads (MPa) were: 37.69 ± 14.43 for BA group, 32.94 ± 8.15 for MTA-A group, 28.74 ± 9.49 for MTA-PR group and 23.18 ± 8.48 for CH group. The BA group exhibited the highest fracture resistance and the CH group showed the lowest resistance to fracture. Significant differences (P < 0.05) in fracture resistance were found between the DiaRoot-BA and CH groups, and also between the MTA-A and CH groups. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, data suggest that DiaRoot-BA-filled immature teeth demonstrate higher fracture resistance than other groups at 1 year. Considering the long-term risk of cervical root fracture associated with immature teeth, the use of DiaRoot-BA as a root canal filling material appears to be the most advantageous of the materials tested.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".