High frequency bipolar pulsed spark electrohydraulic discharge characteristics and plasma parameters of liquid solution plasmas
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An experimental investigation has been conducted to study fundamental electrohydraulic discharge characteristics and plasma parameters of liquid solution plasmas. HF-bipolar high voltage was supplied to the rod-to-rod type plate electrodes with a few mm gap distance inside water with conductive KCl or Na2SO4 solutions. Experiments are conducted for applied maximum voltage from 1 to 6 kV, the electrode gap distances from 0.3 to 5 mm and for the operating frequency from 10 to 15 kHz. Plasma parameters was determined by the optical emission spectroscopy with LTE model and compared with the discharge channel averaged plasma parameter from discharge characteristics. The results show that a stable, liquid solution plasma can be generated by HF PSED. Based on optical emission spectra, a significant hydrogen gas was generated in a spark discharge channel. Morphology of liquid solution plasma and transient plasma density behavior will be discussed in detail.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".