MétaCan
Menu
Back to cohort
Record W1596489213

Iraq, Sanctions and Security: A Critique

2002· article· en· W1596489213 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueDuke journal of gender law & policy · 2002
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEconomics, Econometrics and Finance
TopicEconomic Sanctions and International Relations
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Windsor
Fundersnot available
KeywordsUnited Nations CharterPolitical scienceCharterScholarshipGenocideLawTortureSanctionsHuman rightsInternational lawPoliticsCriminologySociologySecurity council
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Legal interpretation takes place in the field of pain and death." 1 Women's pain and death blurs the distinction between war and peace.Women are disproportionately starved, attacked physically, emotionally and psychologically, and killed during both war and peace.This paper focuses on the sanctions imposed against Iraq by the United Nations Security Council ("Security Council") in response to Saddam Hussein's invasion of Kuwait in 1990 and the on-going purported threat posed to international peace and security by the Iraqi regime.2 Intended as a humane alternative to war, the sanctions have nonetheless lead to such high levels of death and suffering, particularly among women and children, that commentators have labeled them "genocide,"3 a "medieval military siege,"4 and "a humanitarian disaster comparable to the worst catastrophes of the past decades."5 Not surprisingly, critics of the Security Council have turned a plethora of human rights and humanitarian instruments against the sanctions regime.However, both the Security Council and its critics employ a fragmented definition of "security" that focuses on political leaders and military choices and assumes that security and human rights must be traded off against each other.Consequently, neither side of the debate concerning the sanctions regime fully explores whether "security" can be achieved through, as opposed to limited by, an emphasis on human rights.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.872
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.058
GPT teacher head0.266
Teacher spread0.208 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it