Evaluation of Soil/Material Interface Friction and Adhesion of Akure Sandy Clay Loam Soils in Southwestern Nigeria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
There is the need to develop appropriate and efficient soil engaging tools and implements to optimize energy required to cultivate the land and enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability in Nigeria. Necessary design data which were hitherto scarce for Nigerian soils are therefore required to accomplish the task effectively. Laboratory investigations were carried out to evaluate angle of soil/material friction and coefficient of soil/ material friction necessary in the design of soil-engaging tools and implements. Facilities used in the investigation include soil-material friction device or sliding shear apparatus. Three types of soil investigated were sandy clay loam soils. The structural materials’ surfaces investigated were rubber (RUB), steel (SST), galvanized steel (GAS) and Teflon (TEF). Results show that the coefficient of soil/material friction increased with moisture content to a limit and thereafter decreased. For the materials tested the range was 0.13 - 0.85 in the three soil textures and can be described by polynomial equations for the purpose of prediction. Rubber had the highest coeffi cient of soil/ interface friction followed by smooth steel, galvanized steel, while Tefl on had the least in that order. Key words : Soil; Coeffi cient of friction; Materials; Soil/ tool interface; Adhesion; Models
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".