Coupled role of deformation and metamorphism in the construction of inverted metamorphic sequences: an example from far‐northwest Nepal
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In the Greater Himalayan sequence of far northwestern Nepal, detailed mapping, thermobarometry, and microstructure analysis are used to test competing models of the construction of Himalayan inverted metamorphism. The inverted Greater Himalayan sequence, which is characterized by an increase in peak metamorphic temperatures up structural section from 580 to 720 °C, is divided into two tectonometamorphic domains. The lower domain contains garnet‐ to kyanite‐zone rocks whose peak metamorphic assemblages suggest a metamorphic field pressure gradient that increases up structural section from 8 to 11 kbar, and which developed during top‐to‐the‐south directed shearing. The upper portion of the Greater Himalayan sequence is composed of kyanite‐ and sillimanite‐zone migmatitic gneisses that contain a metamorphic pressure gradient that decreases up structural section from 10 to 5 kbar. The lower and upper portions of the Greater Himalayan sequence are separated by a metamorphic discontinuity that spatially coincides with the base of the lowest migmatite unit. Temperatures inferred from quartz recrystallization mechanisms and the opening angles of quartz c‐ axis fabrics increase up section through the Greater Himalayan sequence from ∼530 to >700 °C and yield similar results to peak metamorphic temperatures determined by thermometry. The observations from the Greater Himalayan sequence in far northwestern Nepal are consistent with numerical predictions of channel‐flow tectonic models, whereby the upper hinterland part evolved as a ductile southward tunnelling mid‐crustal channel and the lower foreland part ductily accreted in a critical‐taper system at the leading edge of the extruding channel. The boundary between the upper and lower portions of the Greater Himalayan sequence is shown to represent a foreland–hinterland transition zone that is used to reconcile the different proposed tectonic styles documented in western Nepal.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it