Bibliographic record
Abstract
Many scholars have found both Wittgenstein’s suggestion in para. 608 of Zettel (hereafter Z608) that language and thought may arise out of chaos at the centre and his remark to his friend Drury that he looks at philosophical problems from a religious point of view to be most puzzling. The paper argues that the language in Z608 illustrates his point in his remark to Drury. For the language of the emergence of meaning from chaos at the true centre is the religious language of creation found in Goethe and Milton—both of whom were much admired by Wittgenstein. The paper refutes the orthodox interpretations that Z608 suggests that language and thought may arise out of chaos at the neural centre. The “religious-cosmological” interpretation of Z608 is sketched. It is shown that the language of Z608 is found in Goethe’s Faust and in Milton’s Paradise Lost. On this basis a, roughly, phenomenological” reading of Z608 is developed. Finally, it is argued that this literary-religious reading of the language in Z608 expresses Wittgenstein’s view that humanity lives, so to speak, in a fallen state, and that, therefore, human language and human philosophizing are limited by humanity’s fallen (from paradise) state—or, as Wittgenstein puts it in the religious language in the Preface to his Philosophical Investigations, that humanity is currently limited by the “poverty and darkness of our time.”
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.031 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.010 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".