Bibliographic record
Abstract
It seems worthwhile to examine briefly once more the arguments for the dating of this play. The 427 date was set on the basis that (a) Phormio was a character in the play (Σ Peace 348; fr. 268.15 and 34) and (b) he vanishes from Thucydides after 428. Handley 1982, however, dated the play to 415 on the basis of a series of oinochoai which probably have reference to comedy (photographs in DFA 2 plates 86 and 87). One has two characters whose names]ΟΝΥΣΟΣ [onysos] and ΦΟΡ[[Phor]) can be reasonably restored as ΔΙ]ΟΝΥΣΟΣ (Dionysus) and ΦΟΡ[ΜΙѠΝ (Phormio). The other has a man rowing astride a fish. With the vases was discovered an ostrakon ‘inscribed for the ostracism held in 415 bc or a neighbouring year, at which Hyperbolos was exiled’ (Handley 1982, 24–5. See Crosby 1955, 81f.). We know from Σ Peace 348 that Dionysus was a character in Taxiarchoi , and went to Phormio to learn the ‘laws of generals and wars’. Wilson 1974 has demonstrated that the play contained a rowing scene, possibly the antecedent of that in Frogs . But the proximity of the ostrakon does not prove that the play which the painting represents was recent, because the pots may have been around some years before they were buried. Our dating system for these artefacts could certainly not be said to be accurate within ten years, so that the play may still be Taxiarchoi and the date of production back in the early 420s.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.016 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".