Abstract 13818: Effect of Gender on Hospital Discharge Survival After an Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest - a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Conflicting results exist regarding the impact of gender on survival after Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA). Hypothesis: Assess association between female gender and survival after SCA Methods: An electronic search of Embase, Ovid MEDLINE In-Process & Non-Indexed Citations and EBM Reviews - Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, EBM Reviews - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Google was conducted (January 1948 to January 2014) for studies of any study design and language, examining the gender effect on survival at hospital discharge after a SCA. Two independent reviewers selected studies and extracted data. The inter-rater agreements kappa were measured at the first and second selection steps. Moreover, the pooled OR and 95% CI, concerning women vs. men survival at hospital discharge after an OHCA were calculated with a random effect model. Subgroups analyses were performed, according to the cardiac origin of OHCAs and according to the study quality. Study quality criteria were based on the New Castle Ottawa Scale. Results: After a detailed screening of 556 citations, 12 studies were identified involving 404 621 patients. The inter-rater agreements kappa was high for the 2 study selection steps (0.91 and 1). In most studies, women were older and had less favorable baseline characteristics including a lower prevalence of witnessed-OHCA, OHCA in a public location, bystander cardio-pulmonary resuscitation and shockable rhythms compared to men. However and after adjustment for these differences, women were more likely to survive at hospital discharge (N=12; OR: 1.11 [1.02-1.21]; p=0.013). This result remains in studies analyzing OHCA of presumed cardiac origin (N=7; OR: 1.17 [1.03-1.34]; p=0.017) and in studies of high quality (N=7; OR: 1.11 [1.02-1.21]; p=0.017). Conclusion: Despite less favorable baseline characteristics, women are more likely to survive at hospital discharge after an OHCA. Further studies are needed to explain this paradox.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.018 | 0.052 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.018 | 0.030 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.008 | 0.009 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".