Bibliographic record
Abstract
Kwieciński has proved a geometric criterion for flatness: A morphism <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="f colon upper X right-arrow upper Y"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>:</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false"> → </mml:mo> <mml:mi>Y</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">f:X\to Y</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> of germs of analytic spaces is not flat if and only if its <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="i hyphen fold"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>-fold</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">i\text {-fold}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> fibre power <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="f Superscript StartSet i EndSet Baseline colon upper X Superscript StartSet i EndSet Baseline right-arrow upper Y"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mml:mo> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> <mml:mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>:</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mml:mo> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> <mml:mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mo stretchy="false"> → </mml:mo> <mml:mi>Y</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">f^{\{i\}} :X^{\{i\}}\to Y</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> has a vertical component, for <italic>some</italic> <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="i"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">i</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> . We show how to bound <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="i"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">i</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> using Hironaka’s local flattener: If <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="f"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">f</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> is not flat, then <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="f Superscript StartSet d EndSet"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mml:mo> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">f^{\{d\}}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> has a vertical component, where <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="d"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">d</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> is the minimal number of generators of the ideal in <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="script upper O Subscript upper Y"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">O</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi>Y</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\mathcal {O}}_{Y}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> of the flattener of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper X"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">X</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> .
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".