Protective Associations of School Connectedness with Risk of Depression in Nova Scotia Adolescents
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether school connectedness demonstrated an independent protective association with risk of depression in students in grades 10 to 12 attending a high school in a rural community in southwestern Nova Scotia. METHODS: Students at a high school in rural Nova Scotia participated in a self-completion survey in May 2009. Students were asked about a wide range of health-related factors to determine their needs for health services and promotion. Examining girls and boys separately, we used logistic regression to examine associations of an established measure of school connectedness with risk of depression as measured by the 12-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale, while including numerous potential confounding variables in our models. RESULTS: The response rate was 95.2% among registered students present in class during the survey. Four hundred eight students (216 girls and 192 boys) completed both the CES-D12 and the School Connectedness Scale. Higher school connectedness was independently protective of risk of depression in girls (OR 0.85; 95% CI 0.78 to 0.93, P < 0.01) and in boys (OR 0.81; 95% CI 0.71 to 0.91, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Among adolescents in rural Nova Scotia, higher school connectedness has protective associations with risk of depression in both girls and boys, independent of a wide range of factors known to be associated with depression in adolescents. School may be a key place for helping adolescents to develop positive mental health.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".