Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Niagara Bible Conferences were part of the late 19th century Bible conference movement. In 1868, the conference was organized in New York as the Believers' Meeting for Bible Study. A new name was acquired when the conference location changed to Niagara‐on‐the‐Lake, Ontario. From 1883–1897, virtually every significant premillennial leader attended the conference. These meetings profoundly impacted Christian workers, evangelists, and preachers. James H. Brookes served as the president for many years, and beginning in 1875 (until his death in 1897), he published theTruth, a premillennial, pretribulational periodical. Another influential leader among premillennialists, Adoniram J. Gordon, began publishing theWatchwordin 1878, “an unobtrusive little monthly,” which was covenant premillennial. Controversy was developing at the conference, which was contained based on mutual respect for Brookes; after his death, the differences among leadership became more apparent and the conference no longer convened after 1900. Although he first attended the conferences as a pretribulationist, Robert Cameron later adopted the posttribulational position and became editor of theWatchword and Truthafter the deaths of Brookes and Gordon. In 1894, Arno C. Gaebelein began publishingOur Hope, a magazine that communicated pretribulationism but avoided dogmatizing on disputed points among premillennialists. In the early 1880s at the conference, Cameron influenced Nathaniel West to reconsider the imminency of the rapture. During the early 1890s, West vigorously defended posttribulationism.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.567 | 0.328 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".