Enteric alpha‐synuclein expression is increased in <scp>P</scp>arkinson's disease but not <scp>A</scp>lzheimer's disease
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) is immunohistochemically detectable in enteric neurons in some subjects. We determined its age distribution in the general autopsy population and in an age-matched subset investigated differences with Parkinson's (PD) and Alzheimer's diseases (AD). METHODS: Archival autopsy samples of colon from 95 cases (77 general population, 10 PD, and 8 AD) were immunostained with monoclonal antibody KM51. α-Syn detectability was semiquantitatively graded 1 to 3. RESULTS: α-Syn was detectable in 52% of the general population, and its level of expression did not change between ages 40 and 91. All PD subjects were α-Syn positive, with higher prevalence (P = 0.001) and grade (P = 0.003) than age-matched controls. AD subjects were no more likely to be α-Syn positive or have a higher grade than controls. CONCLUSIONS: Either PD develops selectively in the enterically α-Syn-positive population subset or PD induces this expression. Absence of increased α-Syn expression in AD points to differences in pathogenesis.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it