Differential effects of losartan and candesartan on vasoconstrictor responses in the ratThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled The Cellular and Molecular Basis of Cardiovascular Dysfunction, Dhalla 70th Birthday Tribute.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Losartan has been reported to have inhibitory effects on thromboxane (TP) receptor-mediated responses. In the present study, the effects of 2 nonpeptide angiotensin II (AT1) receptor antagonists, losartan and candesartan, on responses to angiotensin II, the thromboxane A2 mimic, U46619, and norepinephrine were investigated and compared in the pulmonary and systemic vascular beds of the intact-chest rat. In this study, intravenous injections of angiotensin II, U46619, and norepinephrine produced dose-related increases in pulmonary and systemic arterial pressure. Losartan and candesartan, in the doses studied, decreased or abolished responses to angiotensin II. Losartan, but not candesartan, and only in a higher dose, produced small, but statistically significant, reductions in pressor responses to U46619 and to norepinephrine in the pulmonary and systemic vascular beds. Furthermore, losartan significantly reduced arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation, whereas candesartan had no effect. Pressor responses to angiotensin II were not changed by thromboxane and alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonists, or by cyclooxygenase and NO synthase inhibitors. These results show that losartan and candesartan are potent selective AT1 receptor antagonists in the pulmonary and systemic vascular beds and that losartan can attenuate thromboxane and alpha-adrenergic responses when administered at a high dose, whereas candesartan in the highest dose studied had no effect on responses to U46619 or to norepinephrine. The present data show that the effects of losartan and candesartan on vasoconstrictor responses are different and that pulmonary and systemic pressor responses to angiotensin II are not modulated or mediated by the release of cyclooxygenase products, activation of TP receptors, or the release of NO in the anesthetized rat.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".