Intracranial chondroma of the falx in a child; Case report & review of the literature
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Intracranial chondromas (ICC) comprise 0.2 – 0.3% of intracranial tumours. They are usually located at the skull base and thought to arise from foci of synchondrosis. Extra‐skeletal ICC are less common; only 50 cases have been reported. These tumors have no bone attachment and their histogenesis isn't known. We present the immunohistochemical (IHC) and electron microscopy (EM) characteristics of a falx chondroma in a 15 year old child. The tumor was lobulated, 3.5 × 3.0 × 3.0 cm in diameter, pearly‐white externally and gray, with multiple gelatinous islands and small foci of ossification on the cut surface. The paraffin embedded tissue was used for routine and IHC stains. EM was performed on glutaraldehyde fixed material. Microscopic examination revealed a well differentiated chondroma with foci of ossification and islands of vacuolated cells (VC) encircling thin‐walled capillaries. The majority of VC was represented by PAS, Oil‐red‐O, Vimentin (VIM), CD68, CD31, trypsin‐anti‐chymotrypsin (TACT) and ferritin‐ positive macrophages. A subpopulation of spindle VC displayed reaction for S100, ferritin, TACT and VIM and on EM showed transitional morphological features suggestive of transformation to chondrocytes. There was no evidence of transitional forms to arachnoid cell. In conclusion, our IHC and EM studies suggest origin of extra‐skeletal ICC from a perivascular multipotential mesenchymal cell.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".