Update on viral vaccines for fish.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A substantial amount of research has been done on fish viruses affecting species in aquaculture. This review will focus on the salmonid industry, as this is the most industrialised part of fish farming where vaccines are extensively used. In spite of the amount of research performed, both in commercial companies and in academic organisations, few viral vaccines are licensed. As of today, all fish virus vaccines for sale are based upon inactivated virus or recombinant proteins. No live attenuated or DNA vaccines are currently licensed, but one DNA vaccine against IHN is being tested in controlled field trials in Canada. Vaccines against infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) have been sold for many years in Norway and are now also available in Chile. Most of the research on these vaccines has been performed by pharmaceutical companies, and not much information is available as scientific publications. It has also been difficult to establish reproducible IPN challenge models suitable for vaccine testing and this probably explains the lack of scientific publications. Quite the reverse is the case for the fish rhabdoviruses viral hemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) and infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV). The challenge models are reproducible, and both inactivated virus and DNA vaccines offer excellent protection. Recombinant subunit vaccines have so far shown unsatisfactory effect. Little information has been published regarding vaccine development against pancreas disease (PD) and infectious salmon anaemia (ISA). PD and ISA vaccines have been tested at the laboratory scale with good results, and two commercial ISA vaccines are currently available in Canada. Regarding nodaviruses, a few publications have shown effect of recombinant subunit formulations. However, nodaviruses cause disease early in the lifecycle of marine fish, and injection of these formulations into fish of a few grams is so far difficult on a commercial scale.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.022 | 0.015 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".