Polymorphism T81C in H-RAS Oncogene Is Associated With Disease Progression in Imatinib (TKI) Treated Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: s. RAS genes have been elucidated as major participants in the development and progression of cancer. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at H-RAS cDNA position 81 T→C (rs12628) has been found to be associated with the risk of many human cancers like gastrointestinal, oral, colon, bladder and thyroid carcinomas. Therefore, we hypothesized that this polymorphisms in H-RAS could influence susceptibility to chronic myeloid leukemia as well, and we conducted this study to test the hypothesis in Indian population. METHOD: H-RAS polymorphism was studied in 100 chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients and 100 healthy controls by restriction fragmentation length polymorphism (RFLP-PCR). Associations between polymorphism and clinicopathological features of CML patients were investigated. RESULTS: In CML patients, the TT, TC and CC genotype frequency was 38%, 61% and 1% respectively, compared to 92%, 8% and 0% in healthy controls respectively. Compared to TT genotype, CT was significantly associated with increased risk of CML (odds ratio (OR): 8.4, P < 0.00001). There was a statistically significant correlation of H-RAS polymorphism with phases (P < 0.0003), molecular response (P < 0.0001), hematological response (P < 0.04) and thrombocytopenia (P < 0.003). However, there was no correlation of this polymorphism found with other clinical parameters. CONCLUSION: H-RAS T81C polymorphism was found to be associated with CML risk and prognosis of CML. These results suggest that C heterozygosis may be considered a potential risk factor for CML development in the North Indian population.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".