Bibliographic record
Abstract
Autophagy is a major intracellular degradation system involving the delivery of long-lived cellular constituents to lysosomes for degradation. Under basal conditions, autophagy assists in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and is elevated when cellular energetic demands are increased. When mitochondria are dysfunctional and unable to assist in sustaining cellular requirements, mitophagy is activated to selectively degrade damaged mitochondria. Parkin has been implicated in neuronal mitophagy, but little is known about its function in muscle. Young (3 months) Parkin deficient (KO) mice were compared to wild-type (WT) animals to examine how endogenous Parkin levels mediate mitophagy and mitochondrial content in mammalian muscle. Our analysis revealed that Parkin KO mice exhibited no muscle mass differences in their quadriceps and tibialis anterior when compared to WT mice. This was accompanied by no differences in mitochondrial yield and whole muscle cytochrome c oxidase activity. When mitochondrial function was assessed, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was similar in isolated mitochondria from the hindlimb muscles of WT and Parkin KO mice. However, Parkin KO mice exhibited a 30% reduction in State 3 (active) mitochondrial respiration. Furthermore, mitochondrial localization of ubiquitin and autophagy marker light chain 3 (LC3II) were reduced by 40% and 60%, respectively, in Parkin KO animals. Interestingly, expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress related protein CHOP was increased by 250% in KO animals. Collectively, these data suggest that mitochondrial content is preserved, mitophagy signaling is downregulated, and the ER-stress response is elevated in skeletal muscle of young animals when Parkin is absent. Supported by NSERC.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".