Bibliographic record
Abstract
Light-guided intubation was introduced in 1959 by Yamamura. Since then several intubation devices which use transillumination have been developed. In 1995 Hung introduced the Trachlight, which has proved to be the most popular device. This instrument has been thoroughly evaluated in almost 50 published articles and has been proven to be safe, effective and easy to use in most cases. Principle of transillumination The light-guided intubation technique is based on transillumination of the soft tissues of the neck from inside out. A lighted stylet is placed in the endotracheal tube (ET) in such a way that the light source marks the tip of the ET. ET and stylet are introduced into the upper airway and transillumination indicates the position of the tip of the ET in the patient. When transillumination is seen externally at the level of the cricothyroid membrane, the tip of the ET is considered to be distal to the vocal cords, in the larynx. When the ET is further advanced into the trachea, the tip can be followed by means of a moving transilluminated spot. Instrument The Trachlight consists of three parts: a handle, a semi-rigid pliable metal stylet and a hollow flexible lightwand (Figure 11.1). The stylet fits inside the hollow lightwand and the ET is mounted over the lightwand. When the stylet is clicked into the active position, the combination of both components plus the ET is semi-rigid but pliable. During the process of intubation the stylet can be retracted out of the lightwand which turns the lightwand flexible again. This is important because the rigidity facilitates manoeuvring the lightwand through the vocal cords into the larynx, while the flexibility enables safe advancement of the ET further into the trachea.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.018 | 0.011 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".